Conquest

Showing 85–96 of 120 results

The Celtic Invasion of Italy c. 400–170 BCE
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The Celtic Invasion of Italy c. 400–170 BCE

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At the battle of Allia (390 BCE), the Roman army was destroyed by a confederacy of Celtic tribes, led by the Senones under Brennus. The Celts went on to lay waste to Rome, before being routed by the exiled Roman general Camillus. The germ of future greatness can be seen... More
The Collapse of Mycenae c. 1200 BCE
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The Collapse of Mycenae c. 1200 BCE

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Mycenaean civilization reached a peak in about 1300 BCE, but just a century later the palaces were abandoned and villages were burned. Traditional accounts theorized that the Mycenaean centres were destroyed by invading Dorian invaders, but archaeological evidence now seems to point to a range of factors, including: drought, harvest... More
The Conquest and Unification of England 920–54
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The Conquest and Unification of England 920–54

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After a disputed succession, Athelstan first sought to extend his influence circumspectly, purchasing Amounderness from Norse settlers, and allying himself by marriage with Sihtric, the Danish king of York. However, Sihtric died in 927, and Athelstan seized the opportunity to invade, occupying the kingdom of Northumbria. The kings of Scotland... More
The Conquest of Belgium 1914
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The Conquest of Belgium 1914

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The Schlieffen Plan specified passage through Belgium, a neutral country. Rather implausibly, Count von Schlieffen had contended that Belgian neutrality might be preserved if they simply allowed the German armies free passage. In the event, the Germans claimed that French officers had been secretly passing through Belgium to Germany, so... More
The Conquests of Tamerlane (Timur) c. 1400
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The Conquests of Tamerlane (Timur) c. 1400

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Tamerlane (Timur) was a Turko-Mongol conqueror who exploited the vacuum created by the disintegration of the Mongol Empire. A vizier in the Chagatai Khanate, he later claimed to be a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, enabling him to become the ‘legitimate’ ruler of a new Mongol dynasty. By 1400, his... More
The Dominions of Timur c. 1400
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The Dominions of Timur c. 1400

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Timur ‘the lame’, sought to emulate Genghis Khan, and resembled him in both the breadth of his conquests and appetite for destruction. Born in Transoxiana to minor nobility, he became first general to the proxy ruler of the western Chagatai Khanate. After conquering Persia in the 1380s, he turned on... More
The Empire in the East 527–565 CE
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The Empire in the East 527–565 CE

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The reign of Justinian I saw a revival of the Byzantine Empire as he attempted to restore it to its former glory. Disputes with the Persian Sassanid Empire proved a constant threat to the security of the Byzantine frontier. Justinian signed a peace treaty with Sassanid King Khosrau I in... More
The Empire of Alexander the Great 336–323 BCE
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The Empire of Alexander the Great 336–323 BCE

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In 336 BCE, Philip II’s Macedonia had risen to control the whole of the Greek world. His son and successor Alexandra the Great took an army to the Greek and Thracian city-states to secure their allegiance. Thebes resisted and Alexander destroyed the city to warn against rebellion; in Thrace, Alexander’s... More
The Empire of Nicaea 1225–61
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The Empire of Nicaea 1225–61

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The empire of Nicaea began expanding its territory in 1225 under the leadership of John III Doukas Vatatzes. The first territories he acquired were ceded from the rival Latin Empire, immediately to the north, following an unsuccessful coup against him, for which the Latin Empire had provided support. John III... More
The Empire of the Great Khan 1260–c. 1300
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The Empire of the Great Khan 1260–c. 1300

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Kublai Khan emerged triumphant from the civil war which attended his accession, but only at the expense of the Mongol Empire’s fracture, with Kublai holding at best nominal sway over the three western khanates. But China was the prize and by 1279, he completed its conquest with the elimination of... More
The Empire of the Great Khan 1279
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The Empire of the Great Khan 1279

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The Mongol Kublai Khan was a Buddhist and Sinophile, moving his capital from Qara-qorum in Mongolia to Khanbalik in China (1271) and thus establishing the Yuan dynasty. His summer palace (the ‘stately pleasure dome’ of Coleridge’s Xanadu) was at nearby Sheng-tu. Kublai moved quickly to establish his dominion over the... More
The Empires of Africa 900–1500
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The Empires of Africa 900–1500

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The Muslim conquest of the North African Mediterranean coastline was completed in the early 8th century: the territory divided into separate caliphates, with shifting borders and spheres of influence. To their south, Ghana, Mali, then Songhay would successively dominate the western Sahara, growing rich on the trade of gold, salt... More