Kingdoms

Showing 13–24 of 144 results

Central Europe in 1789
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Central Europe in 1789

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In 1789 the Habsburg dynasty ruled the Holy Roman Empire, Austria and approximately a hundred German-speaking states in Central Europe, many of which were still ruled by bishops. The Empire also embraced Hungary, Bohemia and much of Italy. Conditions varied greatly in these multiple cities; some were ruled by corrupt... More
China 400 CE
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China 400 CE

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Following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty (215–316 CE), there was mass migration to the south of China, to below the Yangtze River. The Eastern Jin dynasty was established; Sima Rui named himself Emperor Yuan of Jin in 317 CE and established the capital at Jiankang. The Eastern Jin’s... More
China 420–502 CE
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China 420–502 CE

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The era of the great north-south divide in China is known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In the north, the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms saw the powerful Tuoba clan unify the northern states and create the Northern Wei, the most influential dynasty of the whole Northern and Southern... More
China 560 CE
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China 560 CE

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In 557 CE, the Chen dynasty was established after the fall of the Liang dynasty and was the fourth, and last, of the Southern Dynasties era. Southern China, however, had been crippled by years of war and, despite military victories and an exertion of power against Northern Qi, the Chen... More
Cyprus under the Lusignan Kings c. 1300
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Cyprus under the Lusignan Kings c. 1300

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In 1192 the Knights Templar sold Cyprus to the dispossessed King of Jerusalem, the French crusader, Guy de Lusignan. It remained in the Lusignan family until 1489. In 1285 the Lusignan dynast, Henri II, became both King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. In 1291 he lost Acre, Jerusalem’s last stronghold, to... More
David’s Kingdom 1000–993 BCE
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David’s Kingdom 1000–993 BCE

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The area of David’s kingdom was the battleground of empires in antiquity, where the traditional spheres of influence of Egypt, Assyria and Babylon, met, and frequently, clashed. It was both strategically and commercially important, sitting astride the great land trade routes of the Near East: the Via Maris ran through... More
Division of Egypt under the 22nd Dynasty c. 818 BCE
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Division of Egypt under the 22nd Dynasty c. 818 BCE

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The 22nd Dynasty belonged to the ‘Chiefs of Libu’, pharaohs of Libyan descent, beginning with Sheshonq I, ‘the Great Chief of Ma’. He reunited Egypt, putting his son in control of Thebes. The Libyan rulers adopted Egyptian royal traditions, but created feudalistic structures ruled by local military commanders, with the... More
Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms c. 500–770
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Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms c. 500–770

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As the Roman grip weakened, seaborne marauding by Germanic tribes upon Britain southern coasts became so incessant that it was named the “Saxon Shore”. When the Romans finally evacuated in 410, the incursions became permanent. The feuding native Britons were able to unite briefly to inflict defeat on the invaders... More
Early Capetian France c. 1000
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Early Capetian France c. 1000

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The achievements of Hugh Capet, king of the Franks (a dominion, at the time roughly half the size of Berkshire, England), are hugely magnified by hindsight; his precarious dynasty in a minuscule principality somehow endured for over 300 years, by which time the kingdom of France had become a great... More
Early Saxon Kingdoms c. 600
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Early Saxon Kingdoms c. 600

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After the Romans abandoned Britain in 410 CE, the Brittanic tribes were left vulnerable to attack. Consequently, a period of migration into Britain by Germanic tribes began as they settled in the eastern regions and pushed the Britons west. In some places the Britons co-existed with the Germanic settlers, but... More
Early Wales c .600–900
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Early Wales c .600–900

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From the 6th century, most of Wales became christianized through the efforts of missionaries, amongst them St David and St Teilo. At this time, there was encroachment from Anglo–Saxon settlers, following the valley of the River Severn into mid-Wales. Anglo-Saxon dominance within England was confirmed at the Battle of Chester... More
Eastern France 1643–1715
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Eastern France 1643–1715

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Following the Thirty Years’ War, and the pivotal French victory against the Spanish at Rocroi (1643), France’s military reputation was secured, and the period of French hegemony in Europe, under the rule of Louis XIV, began. France initially looked eastward, as a means of facilitating contact with her German allies,... More