Cities

Showing 49–57 of 57 results

The City of Rome c. 235–312 CE
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The City of Rome c. 235–312 CE

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During this period, the Roman Empire became a tetrarchy (ruled by four emperors), and nearly collapsed under the pressure of internal disputes, economic depression, plague and revolts. Rome, the capital of the empire, became increasingly vulnerable to attacks from Germanic tribes. In 271–275 CE, Emperor Aurelian built a defensive city... More
The Construction Phases of Troy c. 3000–1900 BCE
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The Construction Phases of Troy c. 3000–1900 BCE

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The site of Troy, near the Dardanelles Straits in northwestern Turkey, was first extensively excavated by Heinrich von Schliemann (1870–90). He was guided by earlier speculation that it might house the remains of the famous city of antiquity laid siege to by the Mycenaean Greeks, and immortalized by Homer. The... More
The Expansion of London c. 1600–1800
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The Expansion of London c. 1600–1800

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The impetus for the westward expansion of Stuart London came from grandees seeking easy access to the royal palaces of St James and Whitehall, and to the parliament at Westminster. The architect Inigo Jones was commissioned to create the suburb of Covent Garden in the 1630s; Bloomsbury, St James’s and... More
The Fertile Crescent from 9000 BCE
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The Fertile Crescent from 9000 BCE

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The crescent of fertile land that curves from the Nile Valley to the Persian Gulf is commonly credited as the cradle of civilization. It enjoyed several unique advantages: on the land bridge between three continents, it retained greater biodiversity than the surrounding landmasses, particularly of edible and potential cultivar plants.... More
The Growth of London 1350–1590
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The Growth of London 1350–1590

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Since medieval times, London has expanded from a walled city. The separate town of Westminster became significant with the building of Westminster Hall and Westminster Abbey, an area that was home to the royal court and later parliament. The River Thames was a critical gateway for wool and agricultural exports,... More
The Maya 300 BCE–300 CE
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The Maya 300 BCE–300 CE

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The first civilization of Mesoamerica, the Olmecs of southern Mexico seem (like the Toltecs for the Aztecs) to have performed a cultural tutelage for the Maya, bequeathing their systems of numbering and chronology. As the Olmecs collapsed in the 4th century BCE, the Maya were beginning to urbanize in their... More
The Meroitic Kingdom 6th Century BCE
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The Meroitic Kingdom 6th Century BCE

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In the 6th century BCE, the Kushites were forced south by the Assyrians and settled in the Butana region of the Nile. Here they built the city of Meroe, which rapidly grew to become a wealthy trading centre. Meroe accommodated traders from sub-Saharan Africa and countries such as India and... More
TheExpansion of Florence 1300–1494
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TheExpansion of Florence 1300–1494

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Florence (Firenze) became the capital and main cultural centre of Italy’s Tuscany region in the 11th century, and grew into an internationally important commercial hub. In 1252 it introduced its own gold coins, ‘fiorini d’oro’ or ‘florins’, which spread throughout western Europe as the principal trading currency. Control of the... More
Trier Plan c. 1st Century
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Trier Plan c. 1st Century

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The Roman city of Augusta Treverorum, now the German city of Trier, traces its origins back to the Celtic-Germanic Treveri tribe. It became an important regional hub of the Roman Empire following the construction of a military road between Cologne and Lyon in 39 BCE. Its location on the River... More