Settlements

Showing 25–36 of 106 results

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  Danebury Celtic Hillfort c. 6th century BCE

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  Danebury Celtic Hillfort c. 6th century BCE

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  Danebury is an Iron Age hillfort in Hampshire, England, which was extensively excavated by Barry Cunliffe in the 1970s. When first occupied, around 550 BCE, it was guarded by a single rampart-and-ditch ring but, over time, extra layers of defence were added, with the ramparts mounted by first wood, then... More
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  Dark Age Greece 900 BCE

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  Dark Age Greece 900 BCE

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  Following the collapse of Mycenaean civilization in c. 1100 the major settlements were abandoned and the Greek population dropped dramatically. People lived in small groups, farming in villages, or adopting a nomadic lifestyle as they followed pasture and livestock, and leaving no written record behind. Weaving, pottery-making and metal-working still... More
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  Dublin 1170–1542

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  Dublin 1170–1542

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  Dublin was the capital of the English Lordship of Ireland. Largely ignored by England, Dublin, had, by the 14th century, become a beleaguered enclave, huddled behind its Pale defences and forced to pay tribute to the predatory Irish clans. The Irish were meant to be excluded from the city, confined... More
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  Dublin c. 1725

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  Dublin c. 1725

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  Before the Stuart Restoration, Dublin was a miserable relict of less than 9,000 inhabitants depopulated by plague and decades of war. Thereafter, it recovered dramatically, initially under the oversight of the Duke of Ormonde, who decreed that riverside houses must face the River Liffey, preventing its use for dumping waste.... More
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  Dublin c. 1800

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  Dublin c. 1800

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  The Wide Streets Commission (1757) instigated demolition of Dublin’s narrow medieval streets, replacing them with spacious boulevards. Five major Georgian squares were created (Mountjoy and Rutland, north of the Liffey, St Stephen’s, Fitzwilliam and Merrion on the southside), each girdled by mansions housing the Protestant Ascendancy. Its transport links were... More
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  Dublin City Centre Late 19th Century

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  Dublin City Centre Late 19th Century

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  By 1880 Dublin, so long Ireland’s dominant city, was threatened with eclipse by the industrial dynamism of Belfast. The degeneration of its housing stock had been accelerated by the vast influx of the destitute during the Great Famine, who remained in decaying inner city tenements, while the middle classes fled... More
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  Dublin Civic Survey 1925

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  Dublin Civic Survey 1925

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  The 1925 Dublin Civic Survey was no ersatz municipal document. It avers ‘Housing in Dublin today… is more than a problem – it is a tragedy. Its conditions cause either a rapid or a slow death. Rapid when the houses fall on their tenants… slow, when they remain standing dens... More
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  Earliest Settlements c. 8000–3500 BCE

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  Earliest Settlements c. 8000–3500 BCE

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  Between 8000–3500 BCE there was an exponential growth in population and the establishment of the first established settlements and trading routes in Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Eurasia. Farming and the use of irrigation increased food resources, primarily in valley regions around major rivers, such as the Nile, Euphrates, Tigris, Indus... More
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  Early South Confederations c. 3500–3000 BCE

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  Early South Confederations c. 3500–3000 BCE

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  During the 4th millennium, climatic change led to a desertification process in Egypt. This led the inhabitants to progressively abandon hunting and pastoralism as the main means of sustenance, and concentrate on agriculture with the well-watered flood-plain of the Nile. In Upper Egypt, the yields generated sustained the development of... More
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  Egypt c. 2064–1986 BCE

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  Egypt c. 2064–1986 BCE

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  After several short-lived successors to the founder of the 9th Dynasty, Kheti I, the balance of power began to shift from Herakleopolis to Thebes. Inyotef united all the southern nomes as far as the first cataract under Theban rule and wrested the burial site of kings at Abydos from his... More
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  Ephesus c. 2nd century

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  Ephesus c. 2nd century

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  The city of Ephesus on the southern coast of Asia Minor had many masters: Lydians, Persians, Seleucids and, finally, the kingdom of Pergamon, before incorporation into the Roman Empire. By the 2nd century CE, it was a substantial city with a population of c. 100,000, a provincial capital and major... More
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  Expansion of Sparta 8th to 5th Centuries BCE

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  Expansion of Sparta 8th to 5th Centuries BCE

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  Sparta’s homeland was in Laconia, a Greek city-state in the southern Peloponnese. Run by a military elite who concentrated on warfare and politics, it forbade money-making activity. Each Spartan warrior was given a plot of land, farmed by state slaves (helots). Land was at a premium and in the 8th... More