Waterways

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  Davis’s Alternatives for an Interoceanic Canal 1866

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  Davis’s Alternatives for an Interoceanic Canal 1866

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  In 1866 Admiral Charles Henry Davis was commissioned to assess the relative feasibility of different routes for a canal linking the Caribbean and Pacific through Central America. The timing was opportune: the De Lessep’s Suez Canal was nearing completion, as was the US Transcontinental Railroad. A Panama Railroad across the... More
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  De Lesseps’s Attempts at a Sea-Level Canal 1887

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  De Lesseps’s Attempts at a Sea-Level Canal 1887

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  As the man synonymous with the successful construction of the Suez Canal, Vicomte Ferdinand de Lesseps was considered uniquely qualified to oversee the Panama Canal. Actually, de Lesseps qualifications were less than stellar: he was not trained as an engineer, and his success at Suez owed much to his charm,... More
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  Nîmes Aqueduct c. 19 BCE

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  Nîmes Aqueduct c. 19 BCE

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  A key element in Roman pacification of Gaul was largesse. Colonia Nemausus (Nȋmes) the ex-capital of the Celtic Volcae that was occupied by the Romans c. 42 BCE, is a prime example. Under Emperor Augustus, it was endowed with city walls punctuated by 14 watchtowers, an amphitheatre, temple and grand... More
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  Speed of Travel 1800

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  Speed of Travel 1800

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  In the 1800s travel across the United States could take weeks. Thomas Jefferson, the third president, implemented a programme of transportation links to facilitate both trade and the movement of people. He constructed waterways and dirt roads, while encouraging the use of steamboats, boats, barges and canoes on the nation’s... More
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  Speed of Travel 1860

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  Speed of Travel 1860

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  By 1860 the American Industrial Revolution was fully underway, helped by inland waterways where steamboats used river systems to carry bulk traffic. Some rivers were connected by canals to speed up the movement of people and goods. Railroads were first built in 1825 and by 1860, there were more than... More
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  The Canal Systems of the British Isles

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  The Canal Systems of the British Isles

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  The burgeoning population and commerce resulting from the Industrial Revolution placed an immense strain on an internal transport network reliant on rivers, and often ill-maintained roads. While turnpike trusts greatly improved the coverage and quality of roads, more volume was still required, and was met initially by river navigation systems... More
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  The Struggle for Water 1950–1967

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  The Struggle for Water 1950–1967

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  With the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, much of the regional water supply sourced from the River Jordan and Lake Tiberias came under dispute, as the large influx of people to Israel massively increased demand for water. The especially high salinity of the Dead Sea, along with... More
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  The Suez Canal c. 1960

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  The Suez Canal c. 1960

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  Establishing a navigable passage from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea was an ancient obsession. Attempts to build a linking canal are believed to date back to Pharaoh Senusret I, almost 4,000 years ago. The Persian ruler Darius I is reputed to have succeeded in opening an east-west canal linking... More
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  US Panama Canal as built 1914

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  US Panama Canal as built 1914

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  After the debacle of the French attempt to build a canal through Panama, informed US opinion tended to favour an alternative route through Nicaragua. However, the irrepressible Teddy Roosevelt favoured Panama, and when he became President in 1901 was ready to steamroller it through. When Colombia (of which Panama was... More