Campaigns

Showing 241–252 of 310 results

The Bombing of England 1914–17
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The Bombing of England 1914–17

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On 21 December 1914 two sea-planes bombed Dover, causing no injuries. This was the first German air raid and targeted southeastern ports. On 19 January 1915, the Zeppelin raids began. Known as ‘baby killers’ these unwieldy hydrogen gas planes often missed their targets: the Guildford bombing killed a swan and... More
The Bombing of Paris 1914–17
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The Bombing of Paris 1914–17

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From the beginning of the 1914–18 conflict, central Paris was raided by German mono and biplanes. The first recorded air attack was on 13 October 1914 when two Tauben monoplanes dropped bombs in central Paris, causing little damage. Attacks escalated in 1915 when the Germans began using giant hydrogen powered,... More
The Bruce Invasion 1315–18
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The Bruce Invasion 1315–18

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The motives for the invasion of Ireland by Edward Bruce, younger brother of Robert, the king of the Scots, are tangled. He was either opening up a second front in elder brother Robert’s war with England or attempting to seize his own kingdom. The Scots army disembarked at Larne in... More
The Campaigns of 1861–62
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The Campaigns of 1861–62

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1861 was, overall, evenly balanced. On the battlefield, the Confederacy had triumphed at the First Battle of Bull Run but failed to exploit their victory. Meanwhile, the Union’s ‘Anaconda Plan’, a full naval blockade, was devastating southern trade and, consequently, its ability to finance a long war. In spring 1862,... More
The Campaigns of 1863
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The Campaigns of 1863

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In spring 1863 the Union forces forced Vicksburg and Port Hudson to surrender, giving them control of the Mississippi and accomplishing the objective of splitting the Confederate forces in two. The Union army forced the Confederates to leave Gettysburg in the North and retreat to Virginia. In East Tennessee, the... More
The Campaigns of Sparta and Thebes 382–362 BCE
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The Campaigns of Sparta and Thebes 382–362 BCE

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After its decisive victory over Athens in 404 BCE, Sparta became the dominant Greek city-state. In 387 BCE, it used its dominance to force the disbandment of the Boeotian League, a Greek sovereign alliance over which Thebes had previously presided, and in 382 BCE imposed a Spartan garrison in Thebes... More
The Campaigns of Xerxes 480 BCE
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The Campaigns of Xerxes 480 BCE

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The most well-known campaigns of the Persian emperor, Xerxes, were fought during his invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. These were the battles of Thermopylae, Artemisium and Salamis. In 485 BCE, Xerxes acceded to the throne upon the death of his father, Darius the Great. Xerxes inherited a Persian empire... More
The Cape Helles Front April 1915–January 1916
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The Cape Helles Front April 1915–January 1916

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Perhaps the most crucial moments of the Gallipoli Offensive were on Beaches X, S and Y on Cape Helles after the Allied troops successfully landed on 25 April. While the other two landings on the head of the Cape were decimated by heavy Ottoman fire, these sites were lightly defended... More
The Caucasus June–November 1942
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The Caucasus June–November 1942

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The 1942 German Summer Offensive, known as Case Blue (Fall Blau), aimed to capitalize on momentum on the eastern front, using a two-pronged offensive to push into southern Russia and the Caucasus. Army Group South was split into Army Group A, assigned to the Caucasus, and Army Group B, assigned... More
The Crécy Campaign, 12 July to 4 September 1346
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The Crécy Campaign, 12 July to 4 September 1346

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Following the death of King Charles IV of France 1328 and the crowning of Philip VI in his place, the English king, Edward III, launched the Hundred Years’ War. In 1346 he crossed the channel with 15,000 men to claim his succession to the French throne. Edward transported his army... More
The Crimean War 1853–55
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The Crimean War 1853–55

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The Crimean War saw the combined forces of Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire engage the Russian Empire in its Black Sea territories around the Crimean peninsula. The background to the hostilities revolved around the threat of Russian expansion southwards into the territories of the weakening Ottoman Empire, which would... More
The Cruise of the German Pacific Squadron August–November 1914
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The Cruise of the German Pacific Squadron August–November 1914

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While most of the naval warfare in World War I occurred in the North Sea, there were engagements in the Pacific theatre. At the beginning of August 1914, the German East India Squadron, under Admiral von Spee, exited the Pacific theatre from their base at Tsingtao and headed towards Germany.... More