Land Battles

Showing 73–84 of 372 results

Battle of Manzikert 1071
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Battle of Manzikert 1071

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On 26 August 1071, the Battle of Manzikert initiated the decline of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine emperor, Romanos IV Diogenes, troubled by Turkish Seljuk incursions into Byzantine Anatolia, mobilized a large army on his empire’s eastern borders, from which he entered Turkish-controlled Armenia. Once he reached the town of... More
Battle of Marathon 490 BCE
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Battle of Marathon 490 BCE

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The Greek victory against the Persians at Marathon in Attica in September 490 BCE was a defining moment in the formation of a confident and powerful Greece. The Persians outnumbered the Greeks by more than 2:1, but the 10,000 Greeks refused to be daunted. The Persians, determined to crush the... More
Battle of Masurian Lakes: September 1914
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Battle of Masurian Lakes: September 1914

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The German attack in the north began with good progress against the Russians thanks to a German numerical superiority of 3:1. To the south, however, the Russians outnumbered the Germans, putting up fierce resistance until German support troops arrived. The Russians were pushed back along the entirety of the front,... More
Battle of Middle Creek 10 January 1862
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Battle of Middle Creek 10 January 1862

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When the northern press celebrated the ‘great victory’ at Ivy Mountain (8 November 1861), the Cincinnati Gazette observed that it would have ‘no more permanent effect than the passage of a showman’s caravan’. So it proved. Within a few weeks, the Confederates were back in eastern Kentucky, General Humphrey Marshall’s... More
Battle of Naseby 1645
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Battle of Naseby 1645

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Naseby would be the acid test of the product of Oliver Cromwell’s military reforms: the New Model Army. After an increasingly rare success in taking Leicester, King Charles faced the Parliamentarian forces stationed on Naseby Ridge in Northamptonshire on 14 June. Taking the offensive, the outnumbered Royalists drove the Parliamentarian... More
Battle of Neville’s Cross 17 October 1346
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Battle of Neville’s Cross 17 October 1346

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In October 1346, Scottish forces invaded England to honour a treaty with France, but also to loot and pillage the northern towns. The Scots’ 12,000-strong army sacked their way southwards towards Durham, in the false belief that the ongoing war in France had taken most of the English troops. On... More
Battle of New Bern 12 March 1862
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Battle of New Bern 12 March 1862

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The grandiosely styled ‘Athens of the South’, New Bern was founded by Swiss colonists. By the outbreak of war, it was a prosperous port, and logical target for the Union’s increasingly confident and aggressive deployment of amphibious warfare. In the previous six months, such operations had seized Pamlico Sound, Elizabeth... More
Battle of Nomonhan (Khalkin-Gol) 20–31 August 1939
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Battle of Nomonhan (Khalkin-Gol) 20–31 August 1939

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Japan’s invasion of Manchuria in 1931 led to border disputes with Soviet-allied Mongolia. The Mongolia–Manchuria border became a highly contentious issue, with the Japanese considering it to be demarcated by the Khalkin-Gol River, whilst the Mongolians and Soviets maintained that it ran east of the village of Nomonhan. When a... More
Battle of North Anna 23–26 May 1864
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Battle of North Anna 23–26 May 1864

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Key to Union Commander-in-Chief Ulysses S. Grant’s Virginia offensive was man-to-man marking of his opposite number, the talismanic Robert E. Lee. President Lincoln agreed with Grant that if Lee’s Army of North Virginia could be destroyed, whether in open battle or by attrition, the Confederacy would fall. At North Anna,... More
Battle of Panipat 21 April 1526
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Battle of Panipat 21 April 1526

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The tactics and technology of the Mughal emperor Babur at Panipat, 55 miles (90 km) north of Delhi, were cutting edge. He was invited to invade by disaffected relatives of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, of the Afghan Lodhi dynasty, which ruled northern India at the time. He faced a much larger... More
Battle of Pea Bridge 7–8 March 1862
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Battle of Pea Bridge 7–8 March 1862

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During the first months of 1862, Union forces under General Curtis steadily drove Van Dorn’s Confederate Army out of Missouri. Crossing into Arkansas, Van Dorn resolved to counterattack with a sweeping flanking manoeuvre following the Bentonville and Cross Timber roads, leaving his supply train behind for speed. As his army... More
Battle of Pilot Knob 27 September 1864
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Battle of Pilot Knob 27 September 1864

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On 27 September 1864, one of the bloodiest battles of the US Civil War was fought at Fort Davidson in the foothills of Pilot Knob Mountain. Although it resulted in a Union retreat, Confederate casualties were so high that it could not be considered a victory. This battle was the... More